teksty, AJBI
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IB DIPLOMA PROGRAMME
N05/2/ABENG/HP1/ENG/TZ0/XX/T
PROGRAMME DU DIPLÔME DU BI
PROGRAMA DEL DIPLOMA DEL BI
88052238
ENGLISH B – HIGHER LEVEL – PAPER 1
ANGLAIS B – NIVEAU SUPÉRIEUR – ÉPREUVE 1
INGLÉS
B – NIVEL SUPERIOR – PRUEBA 1
Monday 14 November 2005 (morning)
Lundi 14 novembre 2005 (matin)
Lunes 14 de noviembre de 2005 (mañana)
1 h 30 m
TEXT BOOKLET – INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Do not open this booklet until instructed to do so.
• This booklet contains all of the texts required for Paper 1.
• Answer the questions in the Question and Answer Booklet provided.
LIVRET DE TEXTES – INSTRUCTIONS DESTINÉES AUX CANDIDATS
• N’ouvrez pas ce livret avant d’y être autorisé(e).
• Ce livret contient tous les textes nécessaires à l’épreuve 1.
• Répondez à toutes les questions dans le livret de questions et réponses fourni.
CUADERNO DE TEXTOS – INSTRUCCIONES PARA LOS ALUMNOS
• No abra este cuaderno hasta que se lo autoricen.
• Este cuaderno contiene todos los textos para la Prueba 1.
• Conteste todas las preguntas en el cuaderno de preguntas y respuestas.
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TEXT A
The idea quickly became popular and on 22
nd
April, 1970, the irst Earth Day was proclaimed by
the then President of the US, Gerald Ford. More
than 20 million people participated in cities all
over the country. Since then, environmentalists
have used the day to educate people about their
role in protecting our planet.
Earth Day is celebrated annually on 22
nd
April,
when people all over the world will take time
out to celebrate and appreciate the Earth that we
all share. Some will listen to speeches about
the environment. Others will help clean up their
communities. Your parents may even decide to
take a day off from driving their air-polluting cars.
Maybe you, your friends and your school have a
plan to celebrate Earth Day, too. Have you ever
wondered what inspired this celebration in the irst
place?
A global celebration
Eventually, Earth Day became a global celebration
marked by people all over the world. In 1990,
200 million people from 140 countries took part
in marches, rallies, concerts, festivals, street fairs,
clean-ups, planting and other environmental
events on Earth Day. Last year, about 500 million
people in every part of the world participated in
Earth Day events!
Fighting environmental threats
Today, there are many forms of human-caused
pollution that endanger the Earth. Among these,
the most important is global warming. And there
are threats to endangered animals, to clean water,
to healthy forests and to clean sources of energy.
Your national and state governments debate and
pass laws to protect our environment, but there’s
a lot you can do on your own to make the Earth a
safer, cleaner place.
One man’s big idea
The idea for Earth Day came from one man, a US
senator from Wisconsin who was worried about
pollution and the health of plants and animals.
In 1969, Senator Gaylord Nelson decided that a
special day to teach everyone about the things that
needed changing in our environment could really
help our planet.
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TEXT B
ON TOP OF THE WORLD
This text was written in May 2003, exactly 50 years after the irst ascent of Everest.
How Everest got its name
Sir George Everest, an English surveyor who mapped India and part of the Himalaya range, probably
never saw the big mountain. But his colleagues, who measured the peak and declared it the world’s tallest
in 1852, wanted to honour his work by naming it after him. The 8,850-metre-tall mountain straddles the
border of Nepal and the Tibet region of China.
Heading:
[ - X - ]
On 29
th
May, 1953, New Zealander Edmund Hillary and his mountain-climbing companion, Tenzing
Norgay from Nepal, got a glimpse of Asia that no other human had ever enjoyed. They became the irst
to look down from the dizzying height of the world’s tallest mountain, Everest, while standing on its
snowy top. But it wasn’t a time for celebrating.
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[ - 1 - ]
“I didn’t leap or throw my hands in the air or anything,” Hillary, now 83, recalled in an interview with
Robert Sullivan of Life Books. “We were tired, of course.” But this month the party’s on! Hillary, who
lives in New Zealand, will join his friends and fans in Kathmandu, Nepal, to honour the 50
th
anniversary
of his towering feat.
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[ - 2 - ]
Climbing to its summit became an irresistible goal for adventurers. When a reporter asked George
Mallory, a British mountaineer, why he wanted to climb Everest, he famously replied, “Because it’s
there.” Mallory’s inal attempt to reach the top ended in his death in 1924. At least 175 climbers are
known to have died on Everest since 1920. Nearly 1,200 others have made it to the top.
Heading: [ - 3 - ]
Anyone who has climbed Everest can tell you that human beings are not meant to hang around nearly
9 kilometres above sea level. The ice, snow, frigid wind, deep ice cracks called “crevasses” and lack
of oxygen are constant threats to climbers’ safety and health. Because of the thin air, most climbers
breathe from oxygen tanks. Others have lost toes, ears and ingers to frostbite. All of these factors
force climbers who do reach the top to turn around and scramble back down straight away. “You cannot
conquer Everest. It’s not possible,” says Jamling Norgay, 38, son of Tenzing Norgay, who has climbed
Everest with Hillary’s son, Peter. “Everest will give you a chance to stand on the top for a few minutes,
and that’s it.”
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The mountain is much less of a mystery 50 years later. Climbers have attacked it from all sides, reaching
the peak by 15 different routes. Satellite phones and other equipment keep the adventurers in touch with
the world below. Climbing clothes are made of high-tech thermal fabrics now. Hillary and Norgay had
layers of wool and cotton, and a simple cotton tent, to keep them warm. Some modern climbers are
inexperienced but pay a lot of money to have professional guides take them to the top. This can be risky,
and in 1996 tragedy struck. On one of the mountain’s busiest days, a storm blew in and eight climbers
died in a single night.
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[ - 5 - ]
Edmund Hillary continued a life of achievement. After being knighted by Queen Elizabeth II, Sir
Edmund led a team across Antarctica to the South Pole and climbed many mountains. He has worked
for decades to build desperately needed schools and hospitals for Tenzing Norgay’s people. New
Zealanders regard Hillary as one of their greatest national heroes.
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