terrorism and rail secuirty, pozamilitarne aspekty bezpieczeństwa
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TESTIMONY
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TESTIMONY
Terrorism and Rail
Security
CT-224
March 2004
Testimony presented to the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation
Committee on March 23, 2004
This product is part of the RAND
Corporation testimony series.
RAND testimonies record testimony
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committees; government-appointed
commissions and panels; and private
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RAND Corporation is a nonprofit
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is a registered trademark.
JACK RILEY
Published 2004 by the RAND Corporation
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Statement of Jack Riley
1
Director of RAND Public Safety and Justice
Before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
United States Senate
March 23, 2004
Introduction
Chairman McCain, Ranking Member Hollings, and members of the Committee, I am
very pleased to be here today to testify about our state of knowledge on terrorism and rail
security. As the recent events in Madrid, Spain demonstrate, terrorist acts against our rail system
can have deadly consequences.
My testimony today is built on the RAND Corporation’s long involvement in analyzing
the dynamics of terrorism. Since the 1970s, RAND has maintained databases of terrorism
incidents now containing information on more than 16,000 terrorist attacks. Our contributions to
terrorism studies prior to the attacks of September 11 included analysis of the rise of extremist
religious motivations in terrorist attacks, the first independent and empirical assessment of
national preparedness for domestic terrorism, and support for the Gilmore Commission
(formally, the Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving
Weapons of Mass Destruction). Since the attacks of September 11, RAND has advised on
terrorism risk at the highest levels of the public and private sectors, including our support for the
Department of Homeland Security’s development of the National Response Plan/National
Incident Management System, our modeling of national smallpox vaccination strategies, and our
1
The opinions and conclusions expressed in this testimony are the author’s alone and should not be interpreted as
representing those of RAND or any of the sponsors of its research. This product is part of the RAND Corporation
testimony series. RAND testimonies record testimony presented by RAND associates to federal, state, or local
legislative committees; government-appointed commissions and panels; and private review and oversight bodies.
The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that
address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world. RAND’s publications do not
necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.
1
development of a Center for Terrorism Risk Management Policy that conducts policy analyses
on complicated aspects of terrorism risk, liability and compensation.
Prior to the recent Madrid and Chechen terrorist train bombings, RAND also initiated
terrorism risk reduction studies for the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and for Amtrak.
Because this work is still in progress, my comments today will focus on only published RAND
research results and information from other sources.
Terrorist Attacks on Rail Transportation Targets
Between 1998 and 2003, there were approximately 181 attacks on trains and related rail
targets such as depots, ticket stations and rail bridges worldwide.
2
Attacks on light rail systems
and subway systems are included in these estimates. Attacks have occurred in all corners of the
globe, including Venezuela, Colombia, India, Pakistan, Spain and the United Kingdom. These
attacks resulted in an estimated 431 deaths and several thousand injuries. Bombs were the most
frequently used weapon in these attacks, although firearms and arson have also been used. Table
1 summarizes terrorist incidents and deaths from attacks on rail facilities for 1998-2003.
Table 1: Terrorist Rail Attacks, 1998-2003
Year
Incidents Deaths
Notable incident
1998
48
92 Train bomb in Pakistan killed 23.
1999
5
2 Two die in Ethiopia; only fatal rail attack of year.
2000
13
0 No rail deaths from terrorist acts.
2001
41
275 Angolan rebels kill 252 with bomb, gunfire.
2002
60
41 Track sabotage kills 20 in India.
2003
14
21 Bomb in Mumbai, India commuter train kills 10.
TOTAL
181
431
2
These estimates are taken from the RAND-MIPT Terrorism Incident Database, which covers terrorist incidents
from 1998 to the present. The database can be accessed at:
. Given the short time
available to prepare this testimony, the figures used from the database should not be regarded as precise counts.
2
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